فصلنامه مطالعات روانشناسی بالینی
پیاپی 39 (تابستان 1399)

The relationship between countertransference and self-regulation process in Iranian psychotherapists Abstract Psychotherapy literature has always emphasized on the significance of self-knowledge, managing countertransference, and its application in all psychological situations. The goal of this article is to investigate the relationship between self-regulation processes and countertransference. 180 psychotherapists that have worked in Tehran voluntarily participated in this research and they completed the questionnaires. In order to investigate self-regulation three scales were used; Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), Integrative Self-Knowledge Scale (ISK), and Brief Self-Control Scale (BSC). Countertransference inventory (CI) was used to measure countertransference. Resulted data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and stepwise regression. Results revealed that integrative self-knowledge and self-control were negatively correlated with countertransference and self-knowledge moderates the relationship between self-control and countertransference. These results emphasize the importance of expanding conscious capacities and mindful control mechanisms in process of psychotherapy and other psychological interventions. Keywords: Countertransference, Self-regulation processes, Mindfulness, Integrative Self-Knowledge, Self-control.

The aim of the present study was comparing the effect of the combination of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT) with Cognitive-Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP) on depressive symptoms, quality of life, psychological flexibility, and self-compassion in women with persistent depressive disorder. The research design is quasi-experimental and pretest-posttest and a two-month follow-up assessment have been conducted. The convenience sampling method was used to select 24 patients with persistent depression and then they randomly assigned to two experimental groups. Each experimental group received 14 sessions of treatment and completed Beck Depression Inventory-II, World Health Organization Questionnaire on Quality of Life, Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire, and Self-Compassion Scales in pretest, posttest and follow-up. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze data. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups, which means that the scores of these four variables changed over time in both groups in the same way. More accurate analyzes show that each of the therapies has been effective in improving the four studied variables during research phases. These findings indicate that combination therapy can be as effective as Cognitive-Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy as a validated treatment for persistent depression and both treatments can be used as adjunctive therapies in addition to pharmacotherapy for people with persistent depressive disorder.

Shame is one of the self-conscious emotions that play an important role in human life. Due to the lack of contextual and cultural knowledge in this field, the present study aimed to explain the concept of shame in the non-clinical population and to provide a conceptual model for it.

This was a qualitative research study, which was performed using the grounded theory method. Participants included 16 adults (8 men and 8 women). The selection of participants was initially purposeful and then based on theoretical sampling. Data were collected using unstructured in-depth interviews. Corbin and Strauss’ (2014) method and the MAXQDA software (2018) was used to analyze the data.

According to our results, the three main categories in describing participants' experiences of shame were "internalized judgment", "humiliation" and "duplicity". Also, the experience of shame has been associated with a variety of strategies that they used to avoid or get rid of shame. The consequences of these strategies were summarized in two categories: "duplicity" and "negative attitude toward self" along with three subcategories: "incompetence", "inadequacy" and "being different".

shame in the non-clinical population was studied in more depth, the results of which showed a significant effect of this emotion on the quality of life. The importance of educational interventions in managing this emotion is also discussed.

In addition to physical disabilities and chronic diseases, aging also affects behavioral and psychological problems. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of a death-oriented intervention package based on Molavi's view with ACT treatment on the rate of death anxiety in the elderly in Isfahan.

The design of this study was a quasi-experimental with two experimental groups and one control group and evaluation was done at the pre-test, post-test, and one-month follow-up. Sampling was done in several steps. In the first stage, among the areas of Isfahan, districts 8 and 2 were selected by the available sampling method. In the second stage, among the elderly in these areas who were not residents of the sanatorium, 36 people were purposefully selected based on the inclusion criteria. Then, these clients were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (12 people in each group) and a control group (12 people). The instrument used in this study was the Death Anxiety Scale (DAS), which has good validity and reliability. After administering the questionnaires, the research hypotheses were evaluated by repeated-measures analysis of variance. The

Comparing the mean scores of death anxiety in the study groups showed that there was a significant difference between the variable scores of death anxiety in the groups(p < 0.01). Therefore, it is concluded that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment and death-oriented intervention package based on Molavi's view has been effective in reducing the death anxiety of subjects. Also, there is no significant difference between the two intervention groups in influencing death anxiety.

In general, the results of this study can provide empirical support for acceptance and commitment-based therapy and the death-oriented intervention package based on Molavi's view on reducing death anxiety.

The purpose of this study was to design and determine the effectiveness of educational package of executive functions on improving the levels of theory of Mind in children with high Performance autism spectrum disorder.

The research method is semi-experimental with post-test pre-test with control group. The statistical population of the present study was children with autism disorder aged 6 to 12 years in Urmia (274 people) in the academic year of 2019-20 were from the exceptional school for children with autism, out of the target population, Out of the total target population 40 high-performance autism were selected using Gilliam Autism Rating Scale(Gilliam,1995) and randomly assigned to two experimental (20) and control (20) groups, and the Hutchins Mind Theory Questionnaire(Hutchins et al., 2012) was completed by parents of both groups. After performing the pre-test, the experimental group was trained in the executive functions program. The program was designed by researchers and consisted of 24 sessions in which 4 skills (working memory, inhibition, flexibility and attention training) were taught, At this stage, the children in the control group did not receive any training. The post-test was performed again and the data obtained from the pre-test and post-test were analyzed using analysis of covariance.

The data showed a significant difference(p < 01) between the control and test groups in the post-test of variable theory of Mind scores after adjusting the effect of pre-test of theory of Mind .

Based on this study, it can be suggested that improving the executive functions can increase the levels of theory of Mind.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy in improving the symptoms of obsessive and anxiety in patients with corona disease in khorramabad. The research method is semi-experimaental pretest-posttest-follow up with control group. The ststistical comprehensive study included all patients with corona disease in khorramabad. The sample consisted of improved with corona disease who were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to the control and experimental groups. The experimental group received emotion-focused therapy for eight group sessions. While the control group did not receive any intervention until the end of the project. The Yale Brown Obsessive-Compulsive inventory (Y-BOCS) and the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CDAS) were used for data collection, and the multivariate analysis of variance test was used for analysis. Findings showed that emotion-focused therapy improved the obsessive symptoms and reduced anxiety in the experimental group. Finally, emotion-focused therapy has useful implications for improving the psychological symptoms of patients with corona disease.